As international pressure over Israel’s military campaign in Gaza continues to intensify, a new Amnesty International investigation has turned the spotlight on India’s defence exports, documenting thousands of shipments of weapons, ammunition and military components to Israel since the outbreak of the war in October 2023.
Published in July 2026 under the title Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel, the report argues that India has emerged as a significant contributor to Israel’s military supply chain at a time when growing legal challenges, humanitarian concerns and calls for an international arms embargo have prompted increased scrutiny of countries supplying military equipment to Israel. Drawing on customs records, shipping manifests and international trade data, Amnesty identified 2,596 shipments of weapons, ammunition, military parts and related components from India to Israel between Oct 7, 2023, and Nov 30, 2025. The report states that the documented transfers included at least 390,516 parts for military-grade small arms, 564,970 components of explosive ordnance—including artillery shell casings and drone warheads—and 298 components for military vehicles.
According to the report, the shipments were destined for some of Israel’s largest defence manufacturers, including Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Rafael, all of which supply equipment to the Israeli military. Amnesty cites exports of machine-gun components, 155mm high-explosive artillery shells supplied to Elbit Systems, explosive warheads for Sky Striker loitering munitions similar to those documented in Khan Younis, and components for armoured military vehicles.
The investigation names nine Indian companies involved in the supply chain, including three public-sector defence undertakings owned by the Government of India under the Ministry of Defence. Among them are Munitions India Limited, which the report says exported 1,000 rounds of 155mm high-explosive artillery ammunition to Elbit Systems, and Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited, which supplied 120 81mm mortar launchers.
Amnesty argues that India continued supplying arms despite what it describes as a substantial risk that the weapons and components could be used in Israel’s ongoing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, exposing the Indian state to potential complicity in serious violations of international law, including international humanitarian law. The report also criticises India’s export control framework, arguing that it lacks explicit human rights and international humanitarian law due diligence requirements and provides insufficient transparency. It further notes that India has neither signed nor acceded to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), the principal international agreement governing the global trade in conventional arms.
According to Amnesty, governments have an obligation under international law not to authorise arms transfers where there is a clear risk that they could contribute to serious violations of international humanitarian law. The organisation argues that, particularly after the International Court of Justice issued provisional measures recognising the plausible risk of genocide in Gaza, Indian authorities “knew or should have known” of the risks associated with continuing military exports.
The report further warns that companies involved in such transfers, and potentially their personnel, could face civil or criminal liability if they were aware of the substantial likelihood that their products would be used in the commission of international crimes. Describing India-Israel defence ties as increasingly close and commercially significant, Amnesty argues that Indian manufacturers have become an important source of military supplies as some traditional European suppliers faced mounting domestic and international pressure over exports to Israel.
The organisation has called for an urgent and comprehensive arms embargo on Israel covering weapons, components, military technology, training and related assistance. It has also urged India to suspend all military transfers to Israel, strengthen its export control regime by incorporating mandatory human rights and international humanitarian law assessments, and accede to the Arms Trade Treaty.
According to Amnesty, letters seeking responses were sent to the Indian government and the nine companies named in the investigation during June and July 2026. No responses had been received yet.
